Intel® Graphics Virtualization Technology (Intel® GVT)是Intel® Virtualization Technology (Intel® VT) for Directed I/O (Intel® VT-d) 的一个扩展， 它可以为Intel® HD graphics 提供硬件加速I/O虚拟化支持，- 它是一种GPU虚拟化解决方案. Intel GVT允许虚拟机 (VM) 通过I/O调用GPU功能.
仅支持“-d” （直接或者“传送”）虚拟化。这意味着每次只有一个VM能够使用GPU。但是，其他虚拟机可以执行不需要GPU的工作。
了解更多有关通用图形（非Media SDK或OpenCL）访问GPU, 请参考Intel GVT and KVMGT.
术语
主机:实际虚拟化发生的机器，在此系统上安装Intel Media Server Studio通用包.
VM:虚拟机对计算机系统的特定模拟，在此系统上安装Intel Media Server Studio Gold配置.
远程操作系统:用于从远程系统访问主机和虚拟机的操作系统。
下列步骤提供在Intel VT-d环境下启用Intel Media Server Studio的方法. 这包括主机和VM的安装，以及对安装的验证。
1. 设置主机
1.0 硬件要求
- 主机:你需要一个支持Intel® Media Server Studio的CPU. 你可以在Release Notes for Linux* here中找到这部分的说明. 此外，确保这个CPU 支持Intel VT-d: 登录http://ark.intel.com以你CPU模式作为关键字进行搜索。在本文中，我们使用 GIGABYTE* GB-BXi7-4770R作为主机.
- 远程操作系统: 要远程访问主机，你可以安装Microsoft* Windows* 或Linux*。在本文中，我们使用PuTTY 运行在Windows 8.1 从远程访问主机。
1.1 设置主机上的BIOS
以下设置应该在BIOS中启用: - VT-d 选项 - legacy 启动选项(设置UEFI 启动选项可能会导致VM 启动失败)
1.2 主机操作系统的设置
1. 设置主机系统使用"Server with GUI"选项
在安装CentOS* 7.1期间, 更改"Software Selection"中的默认选项到"Base Environment"到"Server with GUI".
2. 设置代理，如果你的主机需要设置代理服务器
以下行添加到 /etc/yum.conf
proxy=<proxy-server-ip>:<proxy-port>
3. 设置wget需要使用的环境变量，如果需要代理
以下行添加到 ~/.bashrc to get wget access:
export http_proxy=proxy-server-ip:proxy-port
export https_proxy=proxy-server-ip:proxy-port
export ftp_proxy=proxy-server-ip:proxy-port
4. 安装前提和依赖的软件包:
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
# yum install -y uuid-c++-devel lzo-devel gcc gcc-c++ git patch texinfo python-devel acpica-tools libuuid-devel ncurses-devel glib2 glib2-devel libaio-devel openssl-devel yajl-devel glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 pixman-devel libpciaccess-devel pciutils-devel pciutils-devel-static pciutils-libs
# yum install -y tigervnc tigervnc-server SDL.i686 bridge-utils
# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/dev86-0.16.17-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -Uvh dev86-0.16.17-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm2. 设置Dom0
2.1 安装Intel® Media Server Studio 通用软件包
1. 用户模式驱动和组件的安装
(如欲了解更多信息请参阅Intel Media Server Studio getting started guide.)
$ mkdir driver-setup
$ tar xf SDK*/Generic/intel-linux-media-ocl_generic*.tar.gz -C driver-setup
$ cd driver-setup
(as root)
# ./install_media.sh
# reboot2. 内核模式驱动（KMD)的安装
作为普通用户安装是，请执行以下步骤:
$ wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.14.5.tar.xz
$ tar -xJf linux-3.14.5.tar.xz
$ cp /opt/intel/mediasdk/opensource/patches/kmd/3.14.5/intel-kernel-patches.tar.bz2 .
$ tar -xvjf intel-kernel-patches.tar.bz2
$ cd linux-3.14.5
$ for i in ../intel-kernel-patches/*.patch; do patch -p1 < $i; done
$ cp config-3.14.5-VTd.txt .config ## refer note for config-3.14.5-VTd.txt
$ make -j 8
(as root)
# make modules_install
# make install
# grub2-mkconfig –o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
# reboot ## ==> new kernel 3.14.52.2 在Xen上安装Dom0
1. 通过源码构建Xen
$ git clone git://xenbits.xen.org/xen.git
$ cd xen
$ git checkout -b FOR-4.5.0 RELEASE-4.5.0
$ ./configure
$ make dist
(as root)
# make install2. 设置守护程序和动态库
(as root)
# chkconfig --level 35 xencommons on
# chkconfig --level 35 xendomains on
# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
# cat > libxen-x86_64.conf << EOF
/usr/local/lib
EOF
# ldconfig -v
# reboot3. 配置Grub
a) 编辑/etc/grub.d/40_custom, 并复制新内核启动项目，从/boot/grub2/grub.cfg中拷贝新内核启动配置.
#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 (Core), with Linux 3.14.5-MSSr6+' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.14.5-MSSr6+-advanced-62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f' {
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3 --hint='hd0,msdos3' 62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f
fi
linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-3.14.5-MSSr6+ root=UUID=62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
initrd16 /boot/initramfs-3.14.5-MSSr6+.img
}b) 插入如下行，这只dom0内存和虚拟CPU核心分配
multiboot /boot/xen.gz dom0_mem=2048M iommu=1 dom0_max_vcpus=2 dom0_vcpus_pin=1c) 用"module"更换"linux16"和"initrd16", 如下所示
menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 (Core), with Linux 3.14.5-MSSr6+ Xen Hypervisor' --class rhel fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.14.5-MSSr6+-advanced-62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f' {
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3 --hint='hd0,msdos3' 62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f
fi
multiboot /boot/xen.gz dom0_mem=2048M iommu=1 dom0_max_vcpus=8 dom0_vcpus_pin=1
module /boot/vmlinuz-3.14.5-MSSr6+ root=UUID=62f16e28-adcb-4a47-925a-f4813854416f ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
module /boot/initramfs-3.14.5-MSSr6+.img
}
d) 更新grub菜单
(as root)
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfge) 重新启动，并在grub菜单中选择'CentOS Linux 7 (Core), with Linux 3.14.5-MSSr6+ Xen Hypervisor' .
(as root)
# reboot4. 检查Xen环境
$ lsmod | grep xen
xen_pciback 55503 0
xen_netback 36536 0
xen_blkback 37265 0
xen_gntalloc 13626 0
xen_gntdev 18675 2
xen_evtchn 13033 1
xenfs 12978 1
xen_privcmd 13243 4 xenfs
(as root)
# xl list
Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 7852 8 r----- 54.4
# xl info
host : centos71.hsw.zhou
release : 3.14.5-MSSr6+
version : #1 SMP Tue Sep 1 13:36:53 CST 2015
machine : x86_64
……
2.3 在Dom0上检查MediaSDK
$ DISPLAY=:0.0 vainfo
libva info: VA-API version 0.35.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: User requested driver 'iHD'
libva info: Trying to open /opt/intel/mediasdk/lib64/iHD_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_0_32
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 0.35 (libva 1.3.1)
vainfo: Driver version: 16.4.2.1.39163-ubit
vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
……
$ ./sample_multi_transcode_drm -hw -i::h264 input.h264 -o::h264 output.h264 -angle 180 -opencl
$ ./sample_encode_drm h264 -hw -i test.yuv -o test.h264 -w 720 -h 480 -la -lad 20
CAUTION: If you run media functions on dom0 and Dom0 is down for some reason, this will cause all VMs to fail.
3. 设置DomU
1. 启动主机并选择"Linux 3.14.5-MSSr6+ Xen Hypervisor"菜单条目
2. 创建并设置虚拟网桥 xenbr0
a) 搜索以下文件名: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-
b) 启用Xenbr0
(as root)
# br0.sh <NIC> xenbr0 ## br0.sh refer to 7.1c) 验证xenbr0
$ ifconfig xenbr0
xenbr0: flags=4419<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.239.10.16 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.239.10.255
ether fc:aa:14:db:cf:0d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 136 bytes 14838 (14.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 47 bytes 9236 (9.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 03. 创建虚拟机
a) 创建一个虚拟硬盘映像
# dd if=/dev/zero of=./image30g.img seek=10000 bs=3M count=1b) 创建一个虚拟机的配置文件 - /etc/xen/xlexample.hvm是一个可以参考的示例
$ cat centos71-no-vtd.hvm
kernel = "hvmloader"
builder = 'hvm'
memory = 3072
vcpus = 6
cpus = "4,5,6,7"
name = "centos-vm1"
vif = [ 'mac=fc:aa:14:db:cf:4e, bridge=xenbr0, model=e1000' ]
disk = [ 'file:/home/lmsdk/setup-vtd/vm/image30g.img,hda,w', 'file:/home/lmsdk/setup-vtd/vm/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso,hdc:cdrom,r' ]
xen_platform_pci=1
device_model_version='qemu-xen'
sdl=0
vnc=1
vnclisten='0.0.0.0'
vncpasswd='intel123'
serial='pty'
tsc_mode="default"
usb=1
keymap='en-us'c) 启动虚拟机操作系统和设置CentOS 7.1
(as root)
# xl create centos71-no-vtd.hvm
# vncviewer :0 # input password (intel123) setting in VM configure file安装操作系统过程中， 在 "Software"– "Software Selection"– "Base Environment"中，选择 "Server with GUI".
d) 安装Intel Media Server Studio 使用Gold 配置. 安装方法可以参考media_server_studio_getting_started_guide.pdf
e) 关闭虚拟机，不要测试媒体功能
(as root)
# xl list
Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 2048 8 r----- 977.1
centos-vm1 3 3072 6 -b---- 39.8
# xl dest 3
4. 设置VGA PCI 传送模式
1. 使用putty登录主机，确保主机已经登录到桌面
2. 设置VGA PCI 传送
(as root)
# xl pci-assignable-add 0000:00:02.0@1c,msitranslate=1
# xl pci-assignable-list
0000:00:02.03. 修改虚拟机配置，使用Intel® GVT
$ cat centos71.hvm
kernel = "hvmloader"
builder = 'hvm'
memory = 2048
vcpus = 2
cpus = ["4", "5"]
name = "centos-vm1"
gfx_passthru=1
pci=['00:02.0@1c,msitranslate=1']
vif = [ 'mac=fc:aa:14:db:cf:4e, bridge=xenbr0, model=e1000' ]
disk = [ 'file:image30g.img,hda,w', 'file:CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso,hdc:cdrom,r' ]
xen_platform_pci=1
device_model_version='qemu-xen-traditional'
device_model_override='/usr/local/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm'
sdl=0
#vnc=1
#vnclisten='0.0.0.0'
#vncpasswd='intel123'
serial='pty'
tsc_mode=0
usb=1
keymap='en-us'4. 启动带有Intel® GVT虚拟机
(as root)
# xl create centos71.hvm5. 在虚拟机上确认Intel® GVT
1. 确认显卡PCI设备
$ lspci –nn | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:0d22] (rev 08)
2. 请参与 section in Intel Media Server Studio R6 Getting Started Guide中的"Verify correct installation"部分，用root用户验证 Intel Media Server Studio.
3. 在虚拟机上验证OpenCL和look-ahead码率控制方法
(as root)
# DISPLAY=:0.0 ./sample_multi_transcode_drm -hw -i::h264 test.h264 -o::h264 output.h264 -angle 180 -opencl
# DISPLAY=:0.0 ./sample_encode_drm h264 -hw -i test.yuv -o test-la-out.h264 -w 720 -h 480 -la -lad 206. 设置Intel® GVT的脚本
1. 运行br0.sh安装虚拟网桥
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# != 2 ] ; then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` "
echo " NIC: find it via ifconfig"
echo " BRIDGE: xenbr0 or br0"
exit 1;
fi
eth0=$1
br0=$2
ifconfig $eth0 down # close eth0 first
brctl addbr $br0 # add virtual bridge br0
brctl addif $br0 $eth0 # add interface eth0 on br0
brctl stp $br0 off # only on bridge, so close generate tree protocol
brctl setfd $br0 1 # set br0 delay time of forward
brctl sethello $br0 1 # set br0 hello time
ifconfig $br0 0.0.0.0 promisc up # open br0
ifconfig $eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up # open eth0
dhclient $br0 # br0 get IP address from DHCP server
brctl show $br0 # show virtual bridge list
brctl showstp $br0 # show interface information on br0
7. 故障配出
下面的文章和资料可以帮您解决安装问题
- Download MSS from: https://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-media-server-studio/try-buy
- Intel® Graphics Virtualization Update: https://01.org/zh/blogs/skjain/2014/intel%C2%AE-graphics-virtualization-update
- Xen PCI Passthrough: http://wiki.xensource.com/wiki/Xen_PCI_Passthrough
- Xen VGA Passthrough: http://wiki.xensource.com/wiki/Xen_VGA_Passthrough
- Device.Function (BDF) Notation: http://wiki.xensource.com/wiki/Bus:Device.Function_(BDF)_Notation
- Xen4 CentOS6 QuickStart: https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Xen/Xen4QuickStart
- PuTTY Download Page: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html
- i915/GEM Crashcourse by Daniel Vetter: https://01.org/zh/linuxgraphics/blogs/vivijim/2012/i915/gem-crashcourse-daniel-vetter